Step 4：评论 / 附件 / 审计日志

backend/app/models/audit_log.py

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+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.base_class import Base
+
+
+class AuditLog(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "audit_logs"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    study_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(UUID(as_uuid=True), ForeignKey("studies.id"), nullable=True)
+    entity_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), nullable=False)
+    entity_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=True)
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), nullable=False)
+    detail: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    operator_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(UUID(as_uuid=True), ForeignKey("users.id"), nullable=False)
+    operator_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), nullable=False)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now())