From c23a5d6a220dcada58b6e1d4560e9cb00c05ac01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cheng Zhou <zhoucheng857@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2026 10:52:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] build(desktop): allow controlled unsigned v0.1.0 release

---
 .../workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml   | 155 ++++++++++++++----
 AGENTS.md                                     |   4 +-
 ...desktop-release-stabilization-checklist.md |  31 +++-
 docs/branch-governance.md                     |   9 +
 docs/guides/branch-maintenance-sop-zh.md      |   7 +-
 docs/guides/client-release.md                 |  78 ++++++---
 frontend/desktop-release-policy.json          |  16 ++
 frontend/desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt |  11 ++
 frontend/package.json                         |   3 +
 .../create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs     |  64 ++++++++
 frontend/scripts/desktop-release-policy.mjs   |  86 ++++++++++
 .../resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs        |  47 ++++++
 .../verify-desktop-release-readiness.mjs      |  52 +++++-
 frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs   |  35 +++-
 .../scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs    |  59 +++++++
 frontend/scripts/verify-release-build-env.mjs |  73 ++++++++-
 16 files changed, 647 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 frontend/desktop-release-policy.json
 create mode 100644 frontend/desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt
 create mode 100644 frontend/scripts/create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs
 create mode 100644 frontend/scripts/desktop-release-policy.mjs
 create mode 100644 frontend/scripts/resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs

diff --git a/.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml b/.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml
index d09b2b45..cd0a4565 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml
@@ -19,8 +19,35 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
 jobs:
+  release-policy:
+    name: Resolve desktop release signing policy
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      platform_signing_mode: ${{ steps.policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode }}
+      macos_signing: ${{ steps.policy.outputs.macos_signing }}
+      windows_signing: ${{ steps.policy.outputs.windows_signing }}
+      artifact_label: ${{ steps.policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
+      warning_required: ${{ steps.policy.outputs.warning_required }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: frontend
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout release source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22.13"
+
+      - name: Resolve version-scoped signing policy
+        id: policy
+        shell: bash
+        run: npm run desktop:release-policy:check -- --require-tag --github-output "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
   macos-release-candidate:
-    name: Signed macOS release candidate
+    name: macOS release candidate
+    needs: release-policy
     runs-on: macos-latest
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -29,7 +56,11 @@ jobs:
       VITE_BUILD_CHANNEL: release
       VITE_BUILD_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
       RELEASE_BUILD: "true"
-      REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING: "true"
+      DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM: macos
+      DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode }}
+      REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING: "true"
+      REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed' && 'true' || 'false' }}
+      ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'unsigned-exception' && 'true' || 'false' }}
       DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.artifact_base_url || vars.DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL }}
       TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD }}
@@ -54,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           if [[ "${GITHUB_REF_TYPE}" != "tag" ]]; then
-            echo "Signed desktop release candidates must run from a vX.Y.Z tag."
+            echo "Desktop release candidates must run from a vX.Y.Z tag."
             exit 1
           fi
           expected_tag="v$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")"
@@ -77,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check release build metadata and signing environment
         run: npm run release:env:check
 
-      - name: Check signed desktop release readiness
+      - name: Check desktop release readiness
         run: npm run desktop:release-readiness:check
 
       - name: Check synchronized client version
@@ -101,9 +132,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Web artifact
         run: npm run build
 
-      - name: Build signed and notarized Universal macOS artifacts
+      - name: Build Apple-signed and notarized Universal macOS artifacts
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed'
         run: npm run desktop:build:macos-release -- --ci
 
+      - name: Build ad-hoc Universal macOS artifacts
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'unsigned-exception'
+        run: npm run desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release -- --ci
+
       - name: Verify and stage macOS artifacts
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -111,28 +147,46 @@ jobs:
           artifact="$(find src-tauri/target -path '*/release/bundle/macos/*.app.tar.gz' -print -quit)"
           dmg="$(find src-tauri/target -path '*/release/bundle/dmg/*.dmg' -print -quit)"
           if [[ -z "${app}" || -z "${artifact}" || -z "${dmg}" || ! -s "${artifact}.sig" ]]; then
-            echo "Signed macOS app, updater artifact/signature, and DMG are all required."
+            echo "macOS app, updater artifact/signature, and DMG are all required."
             exit 1
           fi
 
           codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "${app}"
-          spctl --assess --type execute --verbose=2 "${app}"
-          xcrun stapler validate "${app}"
-          xcrun stapler validate "${dmg}"
+          if [[ "${DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE}" == "signed" ]]; then
+            spctl --assess --type execute --verbose=2 "${app}"
+            xcrun stapler validate "${app}"
+            xcrun stapler validate "${dmg}"
+          else
+            signature_info="$(codesign -dv --verbose=4 "${app}" 2>&1)"
+            if ! grep -q "Signature=adhoc" <<<"${signature_info}"; then
+              echo "The macOS unsigned-platform exception must produce an ad-hoc signed app."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          fi
 
           stage="src-tauri/target/desktop-release-macos"
           mkdir -p "${stage}"
-          cp "${artifact}" "${artifact}.sig" "${dmg}" "${stage}/"
+          if [[ "${DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE}" == "unsigned-exception" ]]; then
+            artifact_name="$(basename "${artifact}" .app.tar.gz)_UNSIGNED.app.tar.gz"
+            dmg_name="$(basename "${dmg}" .dmg)_UNSIGNED.dmg"
+            cp "${artifact}" "${stage}/${artifact_name}"
+            cp "${artifact}.sig" "${stage}/${artifact_name}.sig"
+            cp "${dmg}" "${stage}/${dmg_name}"
+            cp desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt "${stage}/UNSIGNED-PLATFORM-RELEASE.txt"
+          else
+            cp "${artifact}" "${artifact}.sig" "${dmg}" "${stage}/"
+          fi
 
-      - name: Upload signed macOS candidate artifacts
+      - name: Upload macOS candidate artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ctms-desktop-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ctms-desktop-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
           path: frontend/src-tauri/target/desktop-release-macos/*
           if-no-files-found: error
 
   windows-release-candidate:
-    name: Signed Windows release candidate
+    name: Windows release candidate
+    needs: release-policy
     runs-on: windows-latest
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -141,7 +195,11 @@ jobs:
       VITE_BUILD_CHANNEL: release
       VITE_BUILD_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
       RELEASE_BUILD: "true"
-      REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING: "true"
+      DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM: windows
+      DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode }}
+      REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING: "true"
+      REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed' && 'true' || 'false' }}
+      ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE: ${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'unsigned-exception' && 'true' || 'false' }}
       DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.artifact_base_url || vars.DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL }}
       TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD }}
@@ -163,7 +221,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
           if ($env:GITHUB_REF_TYPE -ne "tag") {
-            throw "Signed desktop release candidates must run from a vX.Y.Z tag."
+            throw "Desktop release candidates must run from a vX.Y.Z tag."
           }
           $expectedTag = "v$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")"
           if ($env:GITHUB_REF_NAME -ne $expectedTag) {
@@ -182,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check release build metadata and signing environment
         run: npm run release:env:check
 
-      - name: Check signed desktop release readiness
+      - name: Check desktop release readiness
         run: npm run desktop:release-readiness:check
 
       - name: Check synchronized client version
@@ -207,6 +265,7 @@ jobs:
         run: npm run build
 
       - name: Import Windows code-signing certificate
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed'
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
           $pfxPath = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "ctms-windows-signing.pfx"
@@ -233,6 +292,7 @@ jobs:
           Remove-Item $pfxPath -Force
 
       - name: Write signed Windows Tauri config
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed'
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
           $config = @{
@@ -249,10 +309,16 @@ jobs:
           Get-Content "tauri.windows.release.conf.json"
 
       - name: Build signed Windows NSIS artifacts
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'signed'
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: npm run desktop:build:windows-release -- --config tauri.windows.release.conf.json --ci
 
-      - name: Verify Authenticode and stage Windows artifacts
+      - name: Build unsigned Windows NSIS artifacts
+        if: needs.release-policy.outputs.platform_signing_mode == 'unsigned-exception'
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: npm run desktop:build:windows-release -- --ci
+
+      - name: Verify platform signing mode and stage Windows artifacts
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
           $bundleDir = "src-tauri/target/release/bundle/nsis"
@@ -270,14 +336,27 @@ jobs:
 
           foreach ($executable in @($appExecutables + $installers)) {
             $signature = Get-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath $executable.FullName
-            if ($signature.Status -ne "Valid" -or -not $signature.SignerCertificate -or -not $signature.TimeStamperCertificate) {
-              throw "Authenticode signature or RFC 3161 timestamp is invalid for $($executable.FullName): $($signature.StatusMessage)"
+            if ($env:DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE -eq "signed") {
+              if ($signature.Status -ne "Valid" -or -not $signature.SignerCertificate -or -not $signature.TimeStamperCertificate) {
+                throw "Authenticode signature or RFC 3161 timestamp is invalid for $($executable.FullName): $($signature.StatusMessage)"
+              }
+            } elseif ($signature.Status -ne "NotSigned") {
+              throw "The Windows unsigned-platform exception must produce an Authenticode-unsigned executable: $($executable.FullName) returned $($signature.Status)."
             }
           }
 
           $stage = "src-tauri/target/desktop-release-windows"
           New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $stage -Force | Out-Null
-          Copy-Item $installers[0].FullName, $updaters[0].FullName, $signaturePath -Destination $stage
+          if ($env:DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE -eq "unsigned-exception") {
+            $installerName = $installers[0].Name -replace '\.exe$', '_UNSIGNED.exe'
+            $updaterName = $updaters[0].Name -replace '\.nsis\.zip$', '_UNSIGNED.nsis.zip'
+            Copy-Item $installers[0].FullName -Destination (Join-Path $stage $installerName)
+            Copy-Item $updaters[0].FullName -Destination (Join-Path $stage $updaterName)
+            Copy-Item $signaturePath -Destination (Join-Path $stage "$updaterName.sig")
+            Copy-Item "desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt" -Destination (Join-Path $stage "UNSIGNED-PLATFORM-RELEASE.txt")
+          } else {
+            Copy-Item $installers[0].FullName, $updaters[0].FullName, $signaturePath -Destination $stage
+          }
 
       - name: Remove Windows signing certificate
         if: always()
@@ -289,16 +368,17 @@ jobs:
           Remove-Item (Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "ctms-windows-signing.pfx") -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
           Remove-Item "tauri.windows.release.conf.json" -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
 
-      - name: Upload signed Windows candidate artifacts
+      - name: Upload Windows candidate artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ctms-desktop-windows-${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ctms-desktop-windows-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
           path: frontend/src-tauri/target/desktop-release-windows/*
           if-no-files-found: error
 
   aggregate-release-candidate:
     name: Verify combined desktop release directory
     needs:
+      - release-policy
       - macos-release-candidate
       - windows-release-candidate
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -316,18 +396,21 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: "22.13"
 
-      - name: Download signed macOS candidate artifacts
+      - name: Download macOS candidate artifacts
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ctms-desktop-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ctms-desktop-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
           path: frontend/src-tauri/target/desktop-release-input/macos
 
-      - name: Download signed Windows candidate artifacts
+      - name: Download Windows candidate artifacts
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ctms-desktop-windows-${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ctms-desktop-windows-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
           path: frontend/src-tauri/target/desktop-release-input/windows
 
+      - name: Create desktop release provenance
+        run: npm run desktop:release-provenance:create -- --macos-signing "${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.macos_signing }}" --windows-signing "${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.windows_signing }}" --output src-tauri/target/desktop-release-input/DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json
+
       - name: Create combined desktop update feed
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -340,20 +423,32 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
+          include_args=(--include "${dmgs[0]}" --include "${installers[0]}" --include src-tauri/target/desktop-release-input/DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json)
+          notes_args=()
+          if [[ "${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.warning_required }}" == "true" ]]; then
+            mapfile -t warnings < <(find src-tauri/target/desktop-release-input/macos -name 'UNSIGNED-PLATFORM-RELEASE.txt' -type f)
+            if [[ ${#warnings[@]} -ne 1 ]]; then
+              echo "The unsigned-platform release warning is required."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            include_args+=(--include "${warnings[0]}")
+            notes_args+=(--notes "UNSIGNED PLATFORM RELEASE: macOS is ad-hoc signed and not notarized; Windows is not Authenticode-signed. Gatekeeper and SmartScreen warnings are expected. Verify tag, commit, updater signatures, and SHA256SUMS.txt before installation.")
+          fi
+
           npm run desktop:update-feed:create -- \
             --artifact "${mac_artifacts[0]}" \
             --platform-artifact "windows-x86_64=${windows_artifacts[0]}" \
-            --include "${dmgs[0]}" \
-            --include "${installers[0]}" \
+            "${include_args[@]}" \
+            "${notes_args[@]}" \
             --output-dir src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed \
             --base-url "${DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL}"
 
       - name: Verify combined desktop update feed
-        run: npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed/latest.json --artifacts-dir src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed --base-url "${DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL}" --require-platform windows-x86_64
+        run: npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed/latest.json --artifacts-dir src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed --base-url "${DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL}" --require-platform windows-x86_64 --require-provenance
 
       - name: Upload verified desktop release directory
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ctms-desktop-release-${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ctms-desktop-release-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ needs.release-policy.outputs.artifact_label }}
           path: frontend/src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed/*
           if-no-files-found: error
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 85b048c9..14f004ec 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 - 未完成后端 token 校验和 `/me` 身份确认前，不得展示业务缓存；登出、切换服务器、切换用户、401/403、权限上下文变化或缓存 schema 变化时必须清理或失效相关缓存。
 - 新增或调整 Tauri command、capability、CSP、updater、凭据、文件、通知、本地缓存持久化或底层存储能力时，必须同步评估 `frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs`、`npm run runtime:check` 和桌面发布检查清单是否需要更新。
 - token、附件下载凭据和敏感业务信息不得写入 URL、日志、系统通知正文或明文浏览器存储。
-- Windows x64 NSIS 已获准作为正式桌面发布目标；正式制品必须由 `.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml` 从与 macOS/Web 相同的 `vX.Y.Z` tag 和 SHA 构建，使用组织 Windows 代码签名证书、RFC 3161 时间戳和 updater 私钥，并通过 Authenticode 与 updater feed 校验。`.github/workflows/desktop-windows-internal.yml` 仍只用于分支上的无签名兼容性验证，不得生成生产 `latest.json`、updater feed 或正式发布制品。
+- Windows x64 NSIS 已获准作为正式桌面发布目标；正式制品必须由 `.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml` 从与 macOS/Web 相同的 `vX.Y.Z` tag 和 SHA 构建。平台签名默认要求组织 Windows 代码签名证书、RFC 3161 时间戳和 Authenticode 校验；只有 `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` 中按精确版本记录、经发布负责人批准的例外可跳过平台签名。无论是否采用平台签名例外，都必须使用 updater 私钥、校验 updater feed，并明确标记平台未签名风险。`.github/workflows/desktop-windows-internal.yml` 仍只用于分支上的无签名兼容性验证，不得生成生产 `latest.json`、updater feed 或正式发布制品。
 
 ## 分支与发布治理
 
@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 
 本地缓存相关变更至少执行 `runtime:check`、`desktop:release:check`、`ui:contract`、`type-check`、`test:unit` 和 `build`；若新增 Tauri command、capability、CSP 或底层持久化存储，还需执行 `desktop:build:app` 并在真实桌面 App 中验证缓存清理和诊断入口。
 
-正式桌面发布构建必须使用组织批准的 updater 签名私钥；macOS 必须完成 Apple 签名/公证，Windows 必须完成组织代码签名、RFC 3161 时间戳和 Authenticode 校验。未签名或 ad-hoc 构建只能作为内部验证构建描述。
+正式桌面发布构建必须使用组织批准的 updater 签名私钥，updater 签名不可因平台签名例外而关闭。平台签名默认要求 macOS 完成 Apple 签名/公证、Windows 完成组织代码签名、RFC 3161 时间戳和 Authenticode 校验。当前仅批准 v0.1.0 采用受控分发例外：macOS 使用 ad-hoc 签名且不公证，Windows 应用和安装器保持 Authenticode 未签名；制品名、发布说明、校验清单和 provenance 必须清楚标注 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM`，并提示 Gatekeeper/SmartScreen 警告。该例外不自动适用于后续版本。
diff --git a/docs/audits/desktop-release-stabilization-checklist.md b/docs/audits/desktop-release-stabilization-checklist.md
index de5f7d78..2fb8e603 100644
--- a/docs/audits/desktop-release-stabilization-checklist.md
+++ b/docs/audits/desktop-release-stabilization-checklist.md
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 
 - [ ] `frontend/package.json`、`package-lock.json`、Tauri 配置、Cargo manifest/lock 版本一致。
 - [ ] `VITE_BUILD_CHANNEL=release` 和 `VITE_BUILD_COMMIT=<release tag commit>` 由 CI 注入，且 `npm run release:env:check` 通过。
-- [ ] 在正式 release tag 和签名环境中执行 `npm run desktop:release-readiness:check`，确认 tag、构建元数据、签名/公证变量、updater 私钥和生产 artifact HTTPS 基址齐备。
-- [ ] macOS app 已签名和公证。
-- [ ] Windows 应用和 NSIS 安装器已使用组织证书签名并带有效 RFC 3161 时间戳，`Get-AuthenticodeSignature` 对应用和安装器均返回 `Valid`。
+- [ ] 在正式 release tag 环境中执行 `npm run desktop:release-readiness:check`，确认 tag、构建元数据、当前精确版本的平台签名策略、updater 私钥和生产 artifact HTTPS 基址齐备。
+- [ ] macOS app 已完成 Apple 签名/公证；若当前精确版本获批平台签名例外，则已验证 `Signature=adhoc`、确认未公证并附带 Gatekeeper 风险说明。
+- [ ] Windows 应用和 NSIS 安装器已使用组织证书签名并带有效 RFC 3161 时间戳，`Get-AuthenticodeSignature` 返回 `Valid`；若当前精确版本获批例外，则应用和安装器必须返回 `NotSigned` 并附带 SmartScreen 风险说明。
 - [ ] updater `.sig` 使用组织 CI secret 或密钥库中的私钥生成，私钥未进入仓库。
-- [ ] 设置 `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY`、`TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD` 和 Apple 签名/公证变量后，以 `REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true` 再次执行 `npm run release:env:check`，随后执行 `npm run desktop:build:macos-release -- --ci`。
-- [ ] 设置 Windows PFX、密码、`WINDOWS_TIMESTAMP_URL` 和 updater 私钥后，以 `REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true` 执行 readiness，再执行 `npm run desktop:build:windows-release -- --ci`。
+- [ ] 始终设置 `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY`、`TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD` 和 `REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING=true`；默认 macOS 路径再设置 Apple 变量和 `REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true`，例外路径则设置 `DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE=unsigned-exception`、`ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE=true` 并执行 `npm run desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release -- --ci`。
+- [ ] 默认 Windows 路径设置 PFX、密码、`WINDOWS_TIMESTAMP_URL` 和 `REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true`；例外路径不得伪装签名状态，构建后必须对应用和安装器验证 `NotSigned`。
 - [ ] 正式 updater feed 使用 `--artifact <CTMS.app.tar.gz>` 和 `--platform-artifact windows-x86_64=<CTMS.nsis.zip>` 汇总生成同一个 `latest.json` 与 `SHA256SUMS.txt`。
-- [ ] 正式 updater feed 执行 `npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64`，并确认两个平台的 updater artifact、`.sig`、安装包、checksum manifest 和 `latest.json` 均通过校验。
+- [ ] 正式 updater feed 执行 `npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64 --require-provenance`，并确认两个平台的 updater artifact、`.sig`、安装包、provenance、checksum manifest 和 `latest.json` 均通过校验。
 - [ ] 不可变制品先上传，`latest.json` 最后原子替换；若 feed 校验未通过，不替换线上 `latest.json`。
 - [ ] Web 与 Desktop 制品记录同一产品版本、Git 标签和完整提交 SHA。
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 - [ ] updater capability 不直接暴露给 WebView，自动更新只走受控 Tauri command。
 - [ ] 更新弹窗 release notes 过滤 URL、token 查询参数和 Authorization/Bearer 形态文本。
 - [ ] CI release 候选 workflow 包含 version/runtime/desktop/ui/type/unit/build/desktop app smoke 门禁。
-- [ ] signed Desktop release candidate workflow 只允许从 `vX.Y.Z` tag 运行；macOS 和 Windows 原生 job 分别完成签名验证，再由聚合 job 生成包含 `darwin-aarch64`、`darwin-x86_64` 和 `windows-x86_64` 的 feed、checksum 清单和 verified release directory。
+- [ ] Desktop release candidate workflow 只允许从 `vX.Y.Z` tag 运行；先按精确版本解析平台签名策略，macOS 和 Windows 原生 job 分别验证实际签名状态，再由聚合 job 生成包含 `darwin-aarch64`、`darwin-x86_64` 和 `windows-x86_64` 的 feed、provenance、checksum 清单和 verified release directory。
 
 人工复审还必须确认：
 
@@ -276,6 +276,19 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 
 创建正式 tag 前仍必须由发布负责人确认：
 
-- GitHub Actions 已配置 updater、Apple 与 Windows 签名 secrets，以及 versioned artifact base URL 和 Windows timestamp URL。
-- 组织 Windows 证书允许 PFX 导入 CI；若为硬件或云托管密钥，先将 workflow 切换为经审计的 Tauri `signCommand` provider。
+- GitHub Actions 已配置 updater secrets 和 versioned artifact base URL；默认平台签名路径还必须配置 Apple 与 Windows secrets 和 Windows timestamp URL。
+- 若使用默认 Windows 签名路径，组织证书允许 PFX 导入 CI；若为硬件或云托管密钥，先将 workflow 切换为经审计的 Tauri `signCommand` provider。
 - macOS/Windows 原生 candidate job、联合 feed 校验、真实安装/升级和生产下载源上传全部通过。
+
+## 13. 2026-07-17 v0.1.0 平台签名例外记录
+
+经发布负责人明确批准，v0.1.0 可在无法提供 Apple Developer 和 Windows 组织代码签名凭据时受控分发。该批准仅覆盖精确版本 `0.1.0`：
+
+- `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` 默认仍为 `signed`，仅将 v0.1.0 列入 `unsignedPlatformExceptions`；后续版本不会继承本例外。
+- macOS 使用 Tauri `signingIdentity: "-"` 生成 ad-hoc 签名 Universal app/DMG，必须通过 `codesign --verify` 并确认 `Signature=adhoc`，不执行或声称 Apple 公证。
+- Windows 应用和 NSIS 安装器不做 Authenticode 签名，必须通过 `Get-AuthenticodeSignature` 确认 `NotSigned`，不执行或声称 RFC 3161 时间戳。
+- 两端仍必须从同一 `v0.1.0` tag 和 SHA 构建，使用同一 updater 私钥生成 `.sig`，并通过联合 feed、checksum 和 provenance 校验。
+- 制品与 Actions artifact 名称必须含 `_UNSIGNED` 或 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM`，发布目录必须携带 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM-RELEASE.txt` 和 `DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json`。
+- 受控分发说明必须明确提示 macOS Gatekeeper 与 Windows SmartScreen 警告；平台未签名制品不得描述为 Apple/Microsoft 信任或已公证/已 Authenticode 签名。
+
+本地实物验证已完成：使用当前 updater 私钥成功构建 Universal `x86_64 arm64` macOS app、DMG、`.app.tar.gz` 和 `.sig`；`codesign --verify --deep --strict` 通过，签名详情为 `Signature=adhoc`、`TeamIdentifier=not set`，Gatekeeper 拒绝符合预期。Windows `NotSigned`、NSIS 和 updater `.sig` 仍须由 `windows-latest` 原生 job 在正式 tag 上验证。
diff --git a/docs/branch-governance.md b/docs/branch-governance.md
index 29d9eacb..5cc7efa8 100644
--- a/docs/branch-governance.md
+++ b/docs/branch-governance.md
@@ -305,9 +305,18 @@ Before promoting `main` to `release`, confirm:
 
 - release checklist is complete
 - production initialization, build, and smoke verification are complete
+- Desktop updater signatures are present and verified
+- platform signing is either complete or the exact version has an approved,
+  checked-in exception in `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json`; the current
+  v0.1.0 exception requires macOS ad-hoc signing, unsigned Windows artifacts,
+  controlled distribution, and explicit trust warnings
 - rollback or remediation path is clear
 - release tag has been prepared
 
+Platform signing remains the default for versions without an exact approved
+exception. An exception never permits disabling Tauri updater signatures or
+building Web, macOS, and Windows from different tags or commits.
+
 Reference:
 
 - [docs/guides/release-checklist.md](guides/release-checklist.md)
diff --git a/docs/guides/branch-maintenance-sop-zh.md b/docs/guides/branch-maintenance-sop-zh.md
index 98f2819a..9835317c 100644
--- a/docs/guides/branch-maintenance-sop-zh.md
+++ b/docs/guides/branch-maintenance-sop-zh.md
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 npm run desktop:build:app
 ```
 
-正式桌面发布构建必须从同一正式 tag 分别在 macOS 和 Windows 原生 CI job 执行。两端都必须设置 updater 签名私钥；macOS 设置 Apple 签名/公证变量并以 `REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true` 执行 readiness 与 Universal 构建，Windows 设置 PFX 证书、密码和 RFC 3161 时间戳变量并以 `REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true` 执行 readiness、签名 NSIS 构建和 Authenticode 校验。两个平台通过后才能汇总正式 updater feed。
+正式桌面发布构建必须从同一正式 tag 分别在 macOS 和 Windows 原生 CI job 执行。两端都必须设置 updater 签名私钥，updater 签名不可关闭。平台签名默认路径仍要求 macOS 设置 Apple 签名/公证变量并以 `REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true` 执行，Windows 设置 PFX、密码和 RFC 3161 时间戳变量并以 `REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true` 执行。只有 `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` 对当前精确版本存在已批准例外时，workflow 才可改为 macOS ad-hoc、Windows Authenticode 未签名路径；例外制品必须标注 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM`、生成 provenance 和风险说明。两个平台与联合 feed 校验通过后才能汇总正式 updater feed。
 
 后端改动应补充执行受影响模块的后端测试、迁移检查和接口回归。
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ dev -> main
 - 前后端测试通过
 - 网页端构建通过
 - macOS 桌面端构建通过
-- Windows x64 NSIS 兼容性构建通过；正式发布时签名和时间戳验证通过
+- Windows x64 NSIS 兼容性构建通过；正式发布时平台签名和时间戳验证通过，或当前精确版本的已批准平台签名例外验证通过
 - 数据库迁移经过验证
 - 已知风险和回滚方式已记录
 
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ git tag -a v1.2.0 -m "CTMS v1.2.0"
 git push origin v1.2.0
 ```
 
-网页端、macOS 和 Windows 桌面端必须从同一个 `v1.2.0` 标签构建。不得从不同分支、不同提交或本地未提交状态构建正式制品。macOS 签名/公证、Windows 代码签名/RFC 3161 时间戳以及两个平台的 updater 签名制品必须全部验证通过后，才能分发安装包并最后原子替换生产 `latest.json`。
+网页端、macOS 和 Windows 桌面端必须从同一个 `v1.2.0` 标签构建。不得从不同分支、不同提交或本地未提交状态构建正式制品。两个平台的 updater 签名制品必须始终验证通过；macOS 签名/公证和 Windows 代码签名/RFC 3161 时间戳必须验证通过，除非 `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` 对该精确版本记录了已批准例外。采用例外时必须验证 macOS 确为 ad-hoc、Windows 确为 `NotSigned`，并随安装包分发 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM` 风险说明、provenance 和 checksum，之后才能最后原子替换生产 `latest.json`。
 
 发布记录至少包含：
 
@@ -450,6 +450,7 @@ git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all -30
 - [ ] `npm run build` 通过
 - [ ] `npm run desktop:build:app` 通过
 - [ ] 正式桌面发布构建已使用 updater 签名私钥执行
+- [ ] 平台签名已验证，或当前精确版本已在 `frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` 获批例外且 `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM` 风险说明、provenance 和 checksum 齐备
 - [ ] 数据库迁移与回滚方案确认
 - [ ] 发布说明完成
 - [ ] `main -> release` 合并完成
diff --git a/docs/guides/client-release.md b/docs/guides/client-release.md
index 23fee5ae..ca239810 100644
--- a/docs/guides/client-release.md
+++ b/docs/guides/client-release.md
@@ -87,7 +87,11 @@ npm run desktop:build:app
 
 `release:env:check` verifies build channel and commit metadata, and becomes
 platform-strict with `REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true` on macOS or
-`REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true` on Windows.
+`REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true` on Windows. Formal native jobs also set
+`REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING=true`, `DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM`, and the
+version-derived `DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE`. The exact-version policy in
+`frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` is checked with
+`npm run desktop:release-policy:check`.
 `desktop:release:check` statically verifies the Tauri bundle, updater public
 key, CSP, capability scopes, command allowlist, query-token ban, generic system
 notification boundary, CI gate coverage, and secure session token boundary. The
@@ -132,10 +136,10 @@ The release pipeline must:
 
 1. build from the accepted release tag and commit;
 2. build the Universal macOS app/DMG and Windows x64 NSIS installer from that tag;
-3. sign and notarize macOS, and Authenticode-sign Windows with an RFC 3161 timestamp;
+3. use Apple signing/notarization and Windows Authenticode/RFC 3161 signing by default, or use a checked-in exact-version exception that constrains macOS to ad-hoc signing and Windows to Authenticode-unsigned output;
 4. produce macOS `.app.tar.gz` and Windows `.nsis.zip` updater artifacts plus their `.sig` files with the shared updater private key;
-5. generate one combined `latest.json` and checksum manifest with `npm run desktop:update-feed:create`;
-6. verify all macOS and Windows entries with `npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64`;
+5. generate `DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json`, one combined `latest.json`, and a checksum manifest;
+6. verify all macOS and Windows entries with `npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64 --require-provenance`;
 7. upload immutable artifacts first;
 8. atomically replace `latest.json` last.
 
@@ -143,22 +147,33 @@ For Universal macOS artifacts, `latest.json` must provide both
 `darwin-aarch64` and `darwin-x86_64` entries pointing at the same Universal
 update package.
 
-The same feed must also contain `windows-x86_64`, pointing to the signed NSIS
-`.nsis.zip` updater package. The Windows `.exe` installer is distributed next
-to the updater package but is not used as the updater URL.
+The same feed must also contain `windows-x86_64`, pointing to the updater-signed
+NSIS `.nsis.zip` package. The Windows `.exe` installer is distributed next to
+the updater package but is not used as the updater URL. Tauri updater signing is
+mandatory in both platform-signed and platform-signing-exception modes.
 
-The signed release candidate workflow lives at
+The formal release candidate workflow lives at
 `.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml`. It must be run from a
 matching `vX.Y.Z` tag and produces a verified release directory as a GitHub
 artifact. That artifact is still only a release candidate; the release owner
 must upload immutable files to the production download origin and replace
 `latest.json` atomically after validation.
 
+Platform signing defaults to `signed`. An exception is allowed only when
+`frontend/desktop-release-policy.json` names the exact product version and
+records release-owner approval. The current v0.1.0 exception uses macOS ad-hoc
+signing and unsigned Windows application/installer binaries. Its artifact names
+and release directory contain `UNSIGNED-PLATFORM`; the directory must include
+`UNSIGNED-PLATFORM-RELEASE.txt`, `DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json`, and
+`SHA256SUMS.txt`. This does not establish Apple or Microsoft publisher trust,
+and Gatekeeper or SmartScreen warnings are expected. Later versions return to
+the signed default unless separately approved.
+
 ## Windows Release and Internal Validation
 
 Windows x64 NSIS is an approved formal Desktop target. Formal Windows builds
 run in `.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml` from the same exact
-`vX.Y.Z` tag and SHA as Web and macOS. They must:
+`vX.Y.Z` tag and SHA as Web and macOS. The default signed path must:
 
 - import a Base64-encoded PFX from `WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE` using
   `WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD`;
@@ -170,6 +185,12 @@ run in `.github/workflows/desktop-release-candidate.yml` from the same exact
 - publish the signed NSIS `.exe`, `.nsis.zip`, and `.nsis.zip.sig` into the
   combined verified Desktop release directory.
 
+For an approved exact-version unsigned-platform exception, the Windows job
+must instead leave the application and installer Authenticode-unsigned, require
+`Get-AuthenticodeSignature` to return `NotSigned`, append `_UNSIGNED` to the
+installer and updater artifact names, and still create and verify the updater
+`.sig`. A certificate secret and timestamp URL are not required in this mode.
+
 Windows release validation also covers:
 
 - WebView2 runtime prerequisite behavior;
@@ -186,19 +207,23 @@ only, runs on `windows-latest`, injects `VITE_BUILD_CHANNEL` and
 and Desktop safety gates, builds an unsigned NSIS installer with updater
 artifacts disabled, and uploads the `.exe` plus `SHA256SUMS.txt` as a GitHub
 Actions artifact. This workflow is for internal compatibility verification
-only; it must not generate `latest.json`, update feeds, signed release
+only; it must not generate `latest.json`, update feeds, verified release
 directories, or formal Windows release artifacts. A successful internal build
-does not substitute for the signed tag-only release workflow.
+does not substitute for the tag-only formal workflow, including when that
+formal workflow uses an approved platform-signing exception.
 
-The formal workflow requires these organization settings:
+The formal workflow always requires these organization settings:
 
-- secrets: `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY`,
-  `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD`, `WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE`, and
-  `WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD`;
-- variable: `WINDOWS_TIMESTAMP_URL`;
+- secrets: `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY` and
+  `TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD`;
 - shared versioned HTTPS artifact prefix: `DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL` or the
   manual workflow input.
 
+The default signed path additionally requires `WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE`,
+`WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD`, and `WINDOWS_TIMESTAMP_URL`, plus the Apple
+credentials documented by the release owner. The v0.1.0 exception does not
+require those platform certificate settings.
+
 The checked-in workflow implements the exportable PFX path. Confirm that the
 organization's certificate policy permits an exportable CI certificate before
 provisioning it. If the selected CA provides only hardware- or cloud-backed
@@ -224,16 +249,21 @@ npm run build
 npm run desktop:build:app
 export TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY="$UPDATER_PRIVATE_KEY"
 export TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD="$UPDATER_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD"
-export REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true
+export REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING=true
+export DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM=macos
+export DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE=unsigned-exception
+export ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE=true
 npm run release:env:check
 npm run desktop:release-readiness:check
-npm run desktop:build:macos-release -- --ci
+npm run desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release -- --ci
 npm run desktop:update-feed:create -- --artifact <CTMS.app.tar.gz> --platform-artifact windows-x86_64=<CTMS.nsis.zip> --include <CTMS.dmg> --include <CTMS-installer.exe> --base-url <versioned-https-artifact-prefix> --output-dir <release-dir>
-npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64
+npm run desktop:update-feed:check -- --feed <release-dir>/latest.json --artifacts-dir <release-dir> --require-platform windows-x86_64 --require-provenance
 ```
 
-The macOS and Windows signed builds run in their native CI jobs. macOS requires
-the Apple signing/notarization credentials defined by the release owner;
-Windows requires the PFX certificate/password and timestamp URL above. Both use
-the same updater signing key and are aggregated only after both native jobs
-pass. Unsigned internal builds are not formal distributions.
+The macOS and Windows builds run in their native CI jobs and always use the same
+updater signing key. In the default path, macOS requires Apple
+signing/notarization credentials and Windows requires the PFX/password and
+timestamp URL. In the approved v0.1.0 exception, macOS must verify
+`Signature=adhoc`, Windows must verify `NotSigned`, and both must carry explicit
+platform-trust warnings. Native artifacts are aggregated only after both jobs
+and the combined updater feed pass.
diff --git a/frontend/desktop-release-policy.json b/frontend/desktop-release-policy.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71dbdbbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/desktop-release-policy.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 1,
+  "defaultPlatformSigningMode": "signed",
+  "updaterSigningRequired": true,
+  "unsignedPlatformExceptions": [
+    {
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "status": "approved",
+      "macos": "ad-hoc",
+      "windows": "unsigned",
+      "distribution": "controlled",
+      "approvedOn": "2026-07-17",
+      "reason": "The v0.1.0 release owner cannot currently provide Apple Developer signing/notarization credentials or an organization Windows code-signing certificate."
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/frontend/desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt b/frontend/desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e01376f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/desktop-release-unsigned-warning.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+CTMS DESKTOP PLATFORM SIGNING WARNING
+
+This release is distributed under the version-scoped v0.1.0 platform-signing exception.
+
+- The macOS application uses an ad-hoc signature and is not Apple-notarized.
+- The Windows application and installer have no Authenticode signature or RFC 3161 timestamp.
+- macOS Gatekeeper and Windows SmartScreen warnings are expected.
+- Tauri updater artifacts remain cryptographically signed and must pass updater feed verification.
+- Install only after verifying the release tag, source commit, SHA256SUMS.txt, and DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json through a trusted channel.
+
+This exception does not apply to later versions unless they are separately approved in desktop-release-policy.json.
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index ca3a14c0..236a9a47 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
     "desktop:build": "tauri build",
     "desktop:build:app": "tauri build --config '{\"bundle\":{\"createUpdaterArtifacts\":false}}' --bundles app",
     "desktop:build:macos-release": "tauri build --target universal-apple-darwin --bundles app,dmg",
+    "desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release": "tauri build --target universal-apple-darwin --bundles app,dmg --config '{\"bundle\":{\"macOS\":{\"signingIdentity\":\"-\"}}}'",
     "desktop:build:windows-release": "tauri build --bundles nsis",
+    "desktop:release-policy:check": "node scripts/resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs",
+    "desktop:release-provenance:create": "node scripts/create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs",
     "desktop:update-feed:create": "node scripts/create-desktop-update-feed.mjs",
     "desktop:bundle:dmg": "tauri build --bundles dmg",
     "desktop:update-feed:check": "node scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs",
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs b/frontend/scripts/create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9d4a436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/scripts/create-desktop-release-provenance.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { dirname, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { loadDesktopReleasePolicy, resolveDesktopReleasePolicy } from "./desktop-release-policy.mjs";
+
+const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
+const packageInfo = JSON.parse(await readFile(resolve(frontendDir, "package.json"), "utf8"));
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const value = (name) => {
+  const index = args.indexOf(name);
+  return index >= 0 ? args[index + 1] : undefined;
+};
+
+const policy = await loadDesktopReleasePolicy();
+const resolution = resolveDesktopReleasePolicy(packageInfo.version, policy);
+const tag = value("--tag") || process.env.GITHUB_REF_NAME;
+const commit = value("--commit") || process.env.GITHUB_SHA;
+const macosSigning = value("--macos-signing");
+const windowsSigning = value("--windows-signing");
+const outputPath = resolve(
+  frontendDir,
+  value("--output") || "src-tauri/target/desktop-release-feed/DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json",
+);
+
+const failures = [];
+const assert = (condition, message) => {
+  if (!condition) failures.push(message);
+};
+
+assert(tag === `v${packageInfo.version}`, `Release provenance tag must be v${packageInfo.version}.`);
+assert(/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(commit || ""), "Release provenance commit must be a full 40-character SHA.");
+assert(macosSigning === resolution.macosSigning, `macOS signing mode must be ${resolution.macosSigning}.`);
+assert(windowsSigning === resolution.windowsSigning, `Windows signing mode must be ${resolution.windowsSigning}.`);
+
+if (failures.length > 0) {
+  throw new Error(`Desktop release provenance creation failed:\n${failures.map((item) => `  - ${item}`).join("\n")}`);
+}
+
+const provenance = {
+  schemaVersion: 1,
+  product: "CTMS Desktop",
+  version: packageInfo.version,
+  tag,
+  commit,
+  platformSigningMode: resolution.platformSigningMode,
+  platformSigning: {
+    macos: macosSigning,
+    windows: windowsSigning,
+  },
+  updaterSigning: "required-and-verified",
+  artifactLabel: resolution.artifactLabel,
+  distribution: resolution.distribution,
+  warnings: resolution.warningRequired
+    ? [
+        "macOS is ad-hoc signed and not Apple-notarized; Gatekeeper warnings are expected.",
+        "Windows is not Authenticode-signed or RFC 3161 timestamped; SmartScreen warnings are expected.",
+        "Verify the release tag, commit, updater signatures, and SHA256SUMS.txt through a trusted channel before installation.",
+      ]
+    : [],
+};
+
+await mkdir(dirname(outputPath), { recursive: true });
+await writeFile(outputPath, `${JSON.stringify(provenance, null, 2)}\n`);
+console.log(`Desktop release provenance created at ${outputPath}`);
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/desktop-release-policy.mjs b/frontend/scripts/desktop-release-policy.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d340dff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/scripts/desktop-release-policy.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { resolve } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
+const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
+export const desktopReleasePolicyPath = resolve(frontendDir, "desktop-release-policy.json");
+
+const semverPattern = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;
+
+const validatePolicy = (policy) => {
+  const failures = [];
+  const assert = (condition, message) => {
+    if (!condition) failures.push(message);
+  };
+
+  assert(policy?.schemaVersion === 1, "desktop release policy schemaVersion must be 1.");
+  assert(
+    policy?.defaultPlatformSigningMode === "signed",
+    "desktop release policy must default platform signing to signed.",
+  );
+  assert(policy?.updaterSigningRequired === true, "desktop release policy must always require updater signing.");
+  assert(
+    Array.isArray(policy?.unsignedPlatformExceptions),
+    "desktop release policy unsignedPlatformExceptions must be an array.",
+  );
+
+  const versions = new Set();
+  for (const exception of policy?.unsignedPlatformExceptions || []) {
+    const prefix = `unsigned platform exception ${exception?.version || "<missing>"}`;
+    assert(semverPattern.test(exception?.version || ""), `${prefix} must use an exact X.Y.Z version.`);
+    assert(!versions.has(exception?.version), `${prefix} is duplicated.`);
+    versions.add(exception?.version);
+    assert(exception?.status === "approved", `${prefix} must have status approved.`);
+    assert(exception?.macos === "ad-hoc", `${prefix} must constrain macOS to ad-hoc signing.`);
+    assert(exception?.windows === "unsigned", `${prefix} must constrain Windows to unsigned.`);
+    assert(exception?.distribution === "controlled", `${prefix} must constrain distribution to controlled.`);
+    assert(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/.test(exception?.approvedOn || ""), `${prefix} must record an approval date.`);
+    assert(
+      typeof exception?.reason === "string" && exception.reason.trim().length >= 30,
+      `${prefix} must record a substantive reason.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (failures.length > 0) {
+    throw new Error(failures.join("\n"));
+  }
+};
+
+export const loadDesktopReleasePolicy = async () => {
+  const policy = JSON.parse(await readFile(desktopReleasePolicyPath, "utf8"));
+  validatePolicy(policy);
+  return policy;
+};
+
+export const resolveDesktopReleasePolicy = (version, policy) => {
+  if (!semverPattern.test(version || "")) {
+    throw new Error(`Desktop release version must use exact X.Y.Z semver; found ${version || "<missing>"}.`);
+  }
+
+  const exception = policy.unsignedPlatformExceptions.find(
+    (candidate) => candidate.version === version && candidate.status === "approved",
+  );
+
+  if (!exception) {
+    return {
+      version,
+      platformSigningMode: "signed",
+      macosSigning: "apple-developer",
+      windowsSigning: "authenticode",
+      artifactLabel: "SIGNED-PLATFORM",
+      distribution: "formal",
+      warningRequired: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    version,
+    platformSigningMode: "unsigned-exception",
+    macosSigning: exception.macos,
+    windowsSigning: exception.windows,
+    artifactLabel: "UNSIGNED-PLATFORM",
+    distribution: exception.distribution,
+    warningRequired: true,
+    exception,
+  };
+};
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs b/frontend/scripts/resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e35a345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/scripts/resolve-desktop-release-policy.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { appendFile, readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { resolve } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { loadDesktopReleasePolicy, resolveDesktopReleasePolicy } from "./desktop-release-policy.mjs";
+
+const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
+const packageInfo = JSON.parse(await readFile(resolve(frontendDir, "package.json"), "utf8"));
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const value = (name) => {
+  const index = args.indexOf(name);
+  return index >= 0 ? args[index + 1] : undefined;
+};
+
+const policy = await loadDesktopReleasePolicy();
+const resolution = resolveDesktopReleasePolicy(packageInfo.version, policy);
+const expectedTag = `v${packageInfo.version}`;
+
+if (args.includes("--require-tag")) {
+  if (process.env.GITHUB_REF_TYPE !== "tag" || process.env.GITHUB_REF_NAME !== expectedTag) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Desktop release policy must be resolved from tag ${expectedTag}; found ${process.env.GITHUB_REF_TYPE || "<missing>"} ${process.env.GITHUB_REF_NAME || "<missing>"}.`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const outputs = {
+  version: resolution.version,
+  platform_signing_mode: resolution.platformSigningMode,
+  macos_signing: resolution.macosSigning,
+  windows_signing: resolution.windowsSigning,
+  artifact_label: resolution.artifactLabel,
+  distribution: resolution.distribution,
+  warning_required: String(resolution.warningRequired),
+  updater_signing_required: String(policy.updaterSigningRequired),
+};
+
+const githubOutput = value("--github-output");
+if (githubOutput) {
+  await appendFile(githubOutput, `${Object.entries(outputs).map(([key, output]) => `${key}=${output}`).join("\n")}\n`);
+}
+
+console.log("Desktop release policy check passed.");
+console.log(`  version: ${resolution.version}`);
+console.log(`  platform signing mode: ${resolution.platformSigningMode}`);
+console.log(`  macOS: ${resolution.macosSigning}`);
+console.log(`  Windows: ${resolution.windowsSigning}`);
+console.log("  updater signing: required");
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release-readiness.mjs b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release-readiness.mjs
index 0989eccb..891f577b 100644
--- a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release-readiness.mjs
+++ b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release-readiness.mjs
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { resolve } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { loadDesktopReleasePolicy, resolveDesktopReleasePolicy } from "./desktop-release-policy.mjs";
 
 const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
 const rootDir = resolve(frontendDir, "..");
 const packageInfo = JSON.parse(await readFile(resolve(frontendDir, "package.json"), "utf8"));
+const desktopReleasePolicy = await loadDesktopReleasePolicy();
+const desktopReleaseResolution = resolveDesktopReleasePolicy(packageInfo.version, desktopReleasePolicy);
 const failures = [];
 
 const env = process.env;
@@ -13,6 +16,10 @@ const fullShaPattern = /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i;
 const expectedTag = `v${packageInfo.version}`;
 const requiresMacosSigning = env.REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING === "true";
 const requiresWindowsSigning = env.REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING === "true";
+const requiresUpdaterSigning = env.REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING === "true";
+const allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease = env.ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE === "true";
+const desktopPlatformSigningMode = env.DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE;
+const desktopReleasePlatform = env.DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM;
 const requiredUpdaterEnv = ["TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY", "TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD"];
 const requiredMacosEnv = ["APPLE_ID", "APPLE_PASSWORD", "APPLE_TEAM_ID"];
 const requiredWindowsEnv = ["WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE", "WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD"];
@@ -38,7 +45,7 @@ const gitMaybe = (args) => {
 };
 
 const requireEnv = (name) => {
-  assert(Boolean(env[name]), `${name} must be configured for signed desktop release readiness.`);
+  assert(Boolean(env[name]), `${name} must be configured for desktop release readiness.`);
 };
 
 const validateBaseUrl = () => {
@@ -95,19 +102,54 @@ if (headSha && env.VITE_BUILD_COMMIT) {
   assert(env.VITE_BUILD_COMMIT === headSha, "VITE_BUILD_COMMIT must match the current release commit.");
 }
 
-assert(
-  requiresMacosSigning || requiresWindowsSigning,
-  "Release readiness requires REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING=true or REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING=true.",
-);
 assert(
   !(requiresMacosSigning && requiresWindowsSigning),
   "macOS and Windows signing readiness must be checked in their native jobs.",
 );
+assert(
+  desktopReleasePlatform === "macos" || desktopReleasePlatform === "windows",
+  "DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM must be macos or windows.",
+);
+assert(
+  desktopPlatformSigningMode === desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode,
+  `DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode} for v${packageInfo.version}.`,
+);
+assert(
+  desktopReleasePolicy.updaterSigningRequired === true && requiresUpdaterSigning,
+  "Release readiness requires REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING=true; updater signing cannot be disabled.",
+);
 
 for (const name of requiredUpdaterEnv) {
   requireEnv(name);
 }
 
+if (desktopPlatformSigningMode === "signed") {
+  assert(!allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease, "Signed releases must not enable ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE.");
+  assert(
+    (desktopReleasePlatform === "macos" && requiresMacosSigning && !requiresWindowsSigning) ||
+      (desktopReleasePlatform === "windows" && requiresWindowsSigning && !requiresMacosSigning),
+    "Signed readiness must enable only the matching native platform signing requirement.",
+  );
+}
+
+if (desktopPlatformSigningMode === "unsigned-exception") {
+  assert(
+    desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode === "unsigned-exception",
+    `v${packageInfo.version} has no approved unsigned platform release exception.`,
+  );
+  assert(allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease, "The approved exception requires ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE=true.");
+  assert(
+    !requiresMacosSigning && !requiresWindowsSigning,
+    "Unsigned platform readiness must not claim Apple or Windows platform signing.",
+  );
+  if (desktopReleasePlatform === "macos") {
+    assert(process.platform === "darwin", "The macOS ad-hoc readiness check must run on macOS.");
+  }
+  if (desktopReleasePlatform === "windows") {
+    assert(process.platform === "win32", "The unsigned Windows readiness check must run on Windows.");
+  }
+}
+
 if (requiresMacosSigning) {
   assert(process.platform === "darwin", "Signed macOS desktop release readiness must run on macOS.");
   for (const name of requiredMacosEnv) {
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs
index bc9ec248..cd9c1a0c 100644
--- a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs
+++ b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-release.mjs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ const verifyTauriConfig = async () => {
   assert(targetList.includes("dmg"), "Tauri bundle targets must include dmg for macOS distribution.");
   assert(
     tauriConfig.bundle?.createUpdaterArtifacts === true,
-    "Tauri must create updater artifacts for signed desktop release builds.",
+    "Tauri must create signed updater artifacts for formal desktop release builds.",
   );
   assert(
     typeof tauriConfig.plugins?.updater?.pubkey === "string" && tauriConfig.plugins.updater.pubkey.length > 80,
@@ -392,7 +392,10 @@ const verifyWorkflowGates = async () => {
   assert(packageInfo.engines?.node === ">=22.13.0", "package.json must require Node.js >=22.13.0.");
   const requiredScripts = [
     "desktop:build:macos-release",
+    "desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release",
     "desktop:build:windows-release",
+    "desktop:release-policy:check",
+    "desktop:release-provenance:create",
     "desktop:update-feed:create",
     "desktop:update-feed:check",
     "desktop:release-readiness:check",
@@ -403,6 +406,26 @@ const verifyWorkflowGates = async () => {
     assert(Boolean(packageInfo.scripts?.[script]), `package.json must define ${script}.`);
   }
 
+  const releasePolicy = await readJson(resolve(frontendDir, "desktop-release-policy.json"));
+  assert(releasePolicy.schemaVersion === 1, "Desktop release policy schemaVersion must be 1.");
+  assert(
+    releasePolicy.defaultPlatformSigningMode === "signed",
+    "Desktop release policy must default future versions to signed platform releases.",
+  );
+  assert(releasePolicy.updaterSigningRequired === true, "Desktop release policy must require updater signing.");
+  const currentUnsignedException = releasePolicy.unsignedPlatformExceptions?.find(
+    (exception) => exception.version === packageInfo.version,
+  );
+  if (packageInfo.version === "0.1.0") {
+    assert(Boolean(currentUnsignedException), "Desktop release policy must record the approved v0.1.0 exception.");
+  }
+  if (currentUnsignedException) {
+    assert(
+      currentUnsignedException.macos === "ad-hoc" && currentUnsignedException.windows === "unsigned",
+      `The v${packageInfo.version} exception must use macOS ad-hoc and unsigned Windows modes.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   const workflow = await readFile(resolve(rootDir, ".github/workflows/client-quality-gates.yml"), "utf8");
   const requiredCommands = [
     "npm run version:check",
@@ -429,6 +452,16 @@ const verifyWorkflowGates = async () => {
     "runs-on: windows-latest",
     "REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING",
     "REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING",
+    "REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING",
+    "ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE",
+    "DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE",
+    "desktop:release-policy:check",
+    "desktop:build:macos-unsigned-release",
+    "Signature=adhoc",
+    '"NotSigned"',
+    "UNSIGNED-PLATFORM",
+    "DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json",
+    "--require-provenance",
     "TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY",
     "APPLE_ID",
     "APPLE_PASSWORD",
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs
index 0b1a5719..96b5b626 100644
--- a/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs
+++ b/frontend/scripts/verify-desktop-update-feed.mjs
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ import { access, readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { basename, resolve } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { loadDesktopReleasePolicy, resolveDesktopReleasePolicy } from "./desktop-release-policy.mjs";
 
 const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
 const packageInfo = JSON.parse(await readFile(resolve(frontendDir, "package.json"), "utf8"));
+const desktopReleasePolicy = await loadDesktopReleasePolicy();
+const desktopReleaseResolution = resolveDesktopReleasePolicy(packageInfo.version, desktopReleasePolicy);
 const failures = [];
 
 const args = process.argv.slice(2);
@@ -21,6 +24,11 @@ const feedPath = resolve(
 );
 const artifactDir = optionValue("--artifacts-dir") || process.env.DESKTOP_UPDATE_ARTIFACTS_DIR;
 const expectedBaseUrl = optionValue("--base-url") || process.env.DESKTOP_UPDATE_BASE_URL;
+const requiresProvenance = args.includes("--require-provenance");
+const provenancePath =
+  optionValue("--provenance") ||
+  process.env.DESKTOP_RELEASE_PROVENANCE ||
+  (artifactDir ? resolve(artifactDir, "DESKTOP-RELEASE-PROVENANCE.json") : undefined);
 const requiredPlatforms = new Set([
   "darwin-aarch64",
   "darwin-x86_64",
@@ -94,6 +102,56 @@ const assertManifestEntries = async (checksums) => {
   }
 };
 
+const verifyProvenance = async (checksums) => {
+  if (!requiresProvenance) return;
+  if (!provenancePath) {
+    fail("Desktop release provenance path is required.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let provenance;
+  try {
+    provenance = JSON.parse(await readFile(provenancePath, "utf8"));
+  } catch (error) {
+    fail(`Cannot read desktop release provenance ${provenancePath}: ${error.message}`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(provenance.schemaVersion === 1, "Desktop release provenance schemaVersion must be 1.");
+  assert(provenance.version === packageInfo.version, "Desktop release provenance version must match the package version.");
+  assert(provenance.tag === `v${packageInfo.version}`, "Desktop release provenance tag must match the package version.");
+  assert(/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i.test(provenance.commit || ""), "Desktop release provenance must contain a full commit SHA.");
+  assert(
+    provenance.platformSigningMode === desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode,
+    `Desktop release provenance platformSigningMode must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode}.`,
+  );
+  assert(
+    provenance.platformSigning?.macos === desktopReleaseResolution.macosSigning,
+    `Desktop release provenance macOS signing must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.macosSigning}.`,
+  );
+  assert(
+    provenance.platformSigning?.windows === desktopReleaseResolution.windowsSigning,
+    `Desktop release provenance Windows signing must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.windowsSigning}.`,
+  );
+  assert(
+    provenance.updaterSigning === "required-and-verified",
+    "Desktop release provenance must record required-and-verified updater signing.",
+  );
+  assert(
+    provenance.artifactLabel === desktopReleaseResolution.artifactLabel,
+    `Desktop release provenance artifactLabel must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.artifactLabel}.`,
+  );
+  if (desktopReleaseResolution.warningRequired) {
+    assert(
+      Array.isArray(provenance.warnings) && provenance.warnings.length >= 2,
+      "Unsigned platform release provenance must include installation trust warnings.",
+    );
+  }
+  if (artifactDir) {
+    await assertChecksum(checksums, provenancePath, "desktop release provenance");
+  }
+};
+
 let feed;
 try {
   feed = JSON.parse(await readFile(feedPath, "utf8"));
@@ -104,6 +162,7 @@ try {
 if (feed) {
   const checksums = await readChecksumManifest();
   await assertManifestEntries(checksums);
+  await verifyProvenance(checksums);
   const normalizedFeedVersion = String(feed.version || "").replace(/^v/, "");
   const platforms = feed.platforms || {};
   const darwinArm = platforms["darwin-aarch64"];
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/verify-release-build-env.mjs b/frontend/scripts/verify-release-build-env.mjs
index 678b9d76..d66337f8 100644
--- a/frontend/scripts/verify-release-build-env.mjs
+++ b/frontend/scripts/verify-release-build-env.mjs
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { resolve } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { loadDesktopReleasePolicy, resolveDesktopReleasePolicy } from "./desktop-release-policy.mjs";
 
 const frontendDir = fileURLToPath(new URL("../", import.meta.url));
 const rootDir = resolve(frontendDir, "..");
 const packageInfo = JSON.parse(await readFile(resolve(frontendDir, "package.json"), "utf8"));
+const desktopReleasePolicy = await loadDesktopReleasePolicy();
+const desktopReleaseResolution = resolveDesktopReleasePolicy(packageInfo.version, desktopReleasePolicy);
 const failures = [];
 
 const allowedChannels = new Set(["dev", "main", "release", "local"]);
@@ -20,6 +23,17 @@ const isTagBuild = env.GITHUB_REF_TYPE === "tag";
 const isReleaseBuild = env.RELEASE_BUILD === "true" || isTagBuild || channel === "release";
 const requiresMacosSigning = env.REQUIRE_DESKTOP_SIGNING === "true";
 const requiresWindowsSigning = env.REQUIRE_WINDOWS_SIGNING === "true";
+const requiresUpdaterSigning = env.REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING === "true";
+const allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease = env.ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE === "true";
+const desktopPlatformSigningMode = env.DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE;
+const desktopReleasePlatform = env.DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM;
+const isNativeDesktopRelease = Boolean(
+  desktopReleasePlatform ||
+    desktopPlatformSigningMode ||
+    requiresMacosSigning ||
+    requiresWindowsSigning ||
+    requiresUpdaterSigning,
+);
 
 const fail = (message) => failures.push(message);
 const assert = (condition, message) => {
@@ -27,7 +41,7 @@ const assert = (condition, message) => {
 };
 
 const requireEnv = (name) => {
-  assert(Boolean(env[name]), `${name} must be configured for signed desktop release builds.`);
+  assert(Boolean(env[name]), `${name} must be configured for this desktop release build.`);
 };
 
 const gitHead = () => {
@@ -74,13 +88,59 @@ assert(
   "macOS and Windows signing requirements must be checked in their native jobs.",
 );
 
-if (requiresMacosSigning) {
-  assert(process.platform === "darwin", "Signed macOS desktop release builds must run on macOS.");
+if (isNativeDesktopRelease) {
+  assert(isReleaseBuild, "Native desktop release settings may only be used for release builds.");
+  assert(
+    desktopReleasePolicy.updaterSigningRequired === true && requiresUpdaterSigning,
+    "Formal desktop releases must set REQUIRE_UPDATER_SIGNING=true; updater signing cannot be disabled.",
+  );
+  assert(
+    desktopPlatformSigningMode === desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode,
+    `DESKTOP_PLATFORM_SIGNING_MODE must be ${desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode} for v${packageInfo.version}.`,
+  );
+  assert(
+    desktopReleasePlatform === "macos" || desktopReleasePlatform === "windows",
+    "DESKTOP_RELEASE_PLATFORM must be macos or windows for native desktop release builds.",
+  );
   if (isCi) {
-    assert(isTagBuild, "Signed desktop release candidate builds in CI must run from a release tag.");
+    assert(isTagBuild, "Native desktop release candidate builds in CI must run from a release tag.");
   }
+}
+
+if (requiresUpdaterSigning) {
   requireEnv("TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY");
   requireEnv("TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD");
+}
+
+if (desktopPlatformSigningMode === "signed") {
+  assert(!allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease, "Signed releases must not enable ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE.");
+  assert(
+    (desktopReleasePlatform === "macos" && requiresMacosSigning && !requiresWindowsSigning) ||
+      (desktopReleasePlatform === "windows" && requiresWindowsSigning && !requiresMacosSigning),
+    "Signed native release jobs must enable only their matching platform signing requirement.",
+  );
+}
+
+if (desktopPlatformSigningMode === "unsigned-exception") {
+  assert(
+    desktopReleaseResolution.platformSigningMode === "unsigned-exception",
+    `v${packageInfo.version} has no approved unsigned platform release exception.`,
+  );
+  assert(allowsUnsignedPlatformRelease, "The approved exception requires ALLOW_UNSIGNED_PLATFORM_RELEASE=true.");
+  assert(
+    !requiresMacosSigning && !requiresWindowsSigning,
+    "Unsigned platform exceptions must not claim Apple or Windows platform signing.",
+  );
+  if (desktopReleasePlatform === "macos") {
+    assert(process.platform === "darwin", "The macOS ad-hoc release exception must run on macOS.");
+  }
+  if (desktopReleasePlatform === "windows") {
+    assert(process.platform === "win32", "The unsigned Windows release exception must run on Windows.");
+  }
+}
+
+if (requiresMacosSigning) {
+  assert(process.platform === "darwin", "Signed macOS desktop release builds must run on macOS.");
   requireEnv("APPLE_ID");
   requireEnv("APPLE_PASSWORD");
   requireEnv("APPLE_TEAM_ID");
@@ -95,11 +155,6 @@ if (requiresMacosSigning) {
 
 if (requiresWindowsSigning) {
   assert(process.platform === "win32", "Signed Windows desktop release builds must run on Windows.");
-  if (isCi) {
-    assert(isTagBuild, "Signed Windows desktop release candidate builds in CI must run from a release tag.");
-  }
-  requireEnv("TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY");
-  requireEnv("TAURI_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD");
   requireEnv("WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE");
   requireEnv("WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD");
   requireEnv("WINDOWS_TIMESTAMP_URL");